MOTM · MOTM Mentoring · Evolving Mentoring (Theoretical Framework)

Evolving Mentoring – Theoretical Framework

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Inclusive mentoring lies at the heart of the Mentor on the Move (MOTM) approach. It combines mentoring theory with principles of inclusion, cultural sensitivity, and sport-based social participation. Mentoring is understood not only as a tool for individual skill development, but also as a powerful social process that promotes inclusion, participation, and empowerment—especially for women and girls with migrant or refugee backgrounds. Through shared physical activities, MOTM mentoring builds bridges across cultural, linguistic, and social differences, fostering meaningful connections between people and communities.

Theoretical Framework

1 Mentoring as a Developmental Relationship

Mentoring is a structured, developmental relationship between a mentor and a mentee. Traditional mentoring often focuses on transferring knowledge from mentor to mentee, following hierarchical patterns. MOTM shifts this dynamic toward collaborative, reciprocal learning, where both participants bring knowledge, perspectives, and strengths.

Meaning for practice: design sessions that invite both voices; alternate who leads; reflect together after activities.
2 Inclusion as a Foundational Principle

MOTM is designed for culturally diverse contexts, particularly involving migrant and refugee women and girls. Inclusive mentoring explicitly recognises systemic barriers (e.g., language, cultural unfamiliarity, discrimination, economic factors) and works to remove these barriers, ensuring equitable participation and belonging.

Meaning for practice: anticipate barriers (language, cost, transport, childcare); provide options (women-only sessions, modest clothing guidance); keep feedback channels safe and multilingual.
3 Sport and Physical Activity as Tools for Inclusion

Sport is not just an “activity” in MOTM — it is a core method. Shared movement creates informal, low-threshold spaces where hierarchies soften, trust builds through shared experiences, cultural and language barriers can be bridged nonverbally, and access to community networks (through sports clubs and groups) becomes tangible.

This is why linking mentoring to existing sports club activities is central: it embeds inclusion into local structures rather than creating parallel systems.

Meaning for practice: begin with low-pressure movement (walks, stretching, beginner classes); use club partnerships to create sustainable pathways.
4 Stakeholder Collaboration

Inclusive mentoring involves three key stakeholders with interdependent roles:

Mentors – relational facilitators, allies, and cultural bridges; Mentees (actors) – active participants shaping their journey; Coordinators – structural enablers ensuring accessibility, partnerships with clubs, and programme quality.

Meaning for practice: clarify responsibilities, provide mentor training, and maintain active links with inclusive clubs.

From Traditional to Inclusive Mentoring

In MOTM, inclusive mentoring means shifting from a one-directional relationship to a shared journey. Mentors act as allies, mentees as active actors in their development, and coordinators as enablers who make inclusion possible through structure, support, and sport club partnerships. Sport and physical activity are not extras — they are core tools for building trust, inclusion, and sustainable participation.

Key Aspect
Traditional Mentoring
Inclusive Mentoring (MOTM)
Relationship Dynamic

Mentor is the expert; mentee follows. Hierarchical and directive.

🟡A senior staff member instructs a new volunteer exactly how to act at events, expecting them to copy their approach.

Collaborative and based on mutual learning; power imbalances reduced through shared activities.

🟢Mentor and mentee take a light sport session together, chatting as equals during a track walk.
Approach to Differences

Differences are ignored; mentee adapts to the dominant way.

🟡Same advice to all mentees regardless of language skills or cultural background.

Differences are acknowledged; mentors adapt style and activities; coordinators provide sensitivity tools.

🟢Mentor switches to clear, slower language and chooses women-only swimming sessions to ensure comfort.
Focus of Mentoring

Skills and performance within existing systems; success = “fitting in”.

🟡Focus only on helping the mentee understand workplace rules.

Empowerment, belonging, and barrier removal; sport builds confidence and inclusion.

🟢Join a beginner dance class at a local club to support language learning and public confidence.
Opportunity & Access

Informal access; networks decide; marginalized groups left out.

🟡Mentoring pairs often form within similar cultural backgrounds.

Intentionally structured and inclusive; active recruitment and club links.

🟢Coordinators map women-only classes and match mentees with mentors to attend the first sessions together.
Mentor’s Role

Authority / problem-solver; directs actions.

🟡“Do this exactly like I did.”

Ally, facilitator; supports agency and self-set goals.

🟢“What would you like to try?” Then helps sign up for a suitable club class.
Mentee’s (Actor’s) Role

Passive recipient; adapts to mentor’s way.

🟡Listens silently in formal meetings.

Active participant and co-creator; expresses goals and makes choices.

🟢Prefers outdoor activities and proposes weekly walks before joining a club.
Coordinator’s Role

Unclear or limited; relies on informal mentor effort.

🟡Only a welcome email is sent; then steps back.

Strategic enabler: structures the programme, trains mentors, builds club links.

🟢Arranges free trial passes and shares an “activity map”.
Use of Sport & Activity

Rare; meetings in static or formal settings.

🟡All meetings take place over coffee at the same café.

Central method; walking, dancing, club sessions, or games build trust; leverage existing club activities.

🟢Attend a low-threshold Zumba session at a community centre with a group booking.

🪞 Reflection

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What one structural change (coordinator), one relational change (mentor), and one personal step (mentee/actor) will you prioritise in the first month?